FREN 105

un	onze	.
deux	douze	.
trois	treize	trente
quatre	quatorze	quarante
cinq	quinze	cinquante
six	seize	soixante

Telling Time

French doesn't use an expressions similar to "o'clock". Time is indicated in hours (heures).

One o'clock = une heure (one hour)
two o'clock = deux heures (two hours)
three o'clock = trois heures (three hours)
four o'clock = quatre heures
five o'clock = cinq heures
six o'clock = six heures
seven o'clock = sept heures
eight o'clock = huit heures
nine o'clock = neuf heures
ten o'clock = dix heures
eleven o'clock = onze heures
twelve o'clock = douze heures

noon = midi
midnight = minuit

For a certain number of minutes past the hour, French simply adds the number of minutes to the number of hours.

1:05 = une heure cinq
2:10 = deux heures dix
3:15 = trois heures quinze
4:20 = quatre heures vingt
5:25 = cinq heures vingt-cinq
6:30 = six heures trente
7:35 = sept heures trente-cinq
8:40 = huit heures quarante
9:45 = neuf heures quarante-cinq
10:50 = dix heures cinquante
11:55 = onze heures cinquante-cinq

For a certain number of minues before an hour, French uses the word moins (less, minus).

12:55 = une heure moins cinq
1:50 = deux heures moins dix
2:45 = trois heures moins quinze
3:40 = quatre heures moins vingt
4:35 = cinq heures moins vingt-cinq
etc.

To indicate a quarter after, add et quart (and quarter) to the hour.
To indicate half past, add et demie (and half) to the hour.
To indicate a quarter 'til the next hour, add moins le quart (minus the quarter) to the hour.

noon = midi
12;15 = midi et quart
12:30 = midi et demi (notice that this is demi and not demie)
12:45 = une heure moins le quart
1:00 = une heure
1:15 = une heure et quart
1:30 = une heure et demie
1:45 = deux heures moins le quart
2:00 = deux heures
2:15 = deux heures et quart
2:30 = deux heures et demie
2:45 = trois heures moins le quart
etc.

*** Homework assignment number 3. Write the French equivalent of the sentences based on the entire lesson, and send you me your results. Feel free to look up anything you need.

Homework assignment 3

Intro 1 - Sample Exam

The lesson exam will be in two parts. The first will ask you to give the English equivalent of a series of items in French. The second part will ask you to give the French equivalent of items in English. The two links below will serve as an example. You can check the correctness of your responses because the two pages are translations of each other.

Intro 1 - French to English

Intro 1 - English to French

FREN 105 -- The Plan	France
Leçon 1 - Introduction Part 1
If you have been here before and know where you want to go, select from the following options. If you are new here, start at the beginning and scroll through the lesson.

Our first item of business will be a set of short conversational dialogues. Following the dialogues, you will find a discussion of the individual vocabulary items that will help you better understand the constructions. 1. Qui est-ce? (Who is it?) *** For best results, study these materials while listening to the tape since the pronunciation is frequently quite different from what you would guess.
French dialogues and English meanings. By exam time, you will be expected to give me the French sentences when I give you the English equivalents. See the practice page at Qui est-ce?
Qui est-ce? C'est Albert.	Who is it? It's Albert.
Est-ce que c'est Daniel? Non, c'est Louis.	Is that Daniel? No, it's Louis.
Comment vous appelez-vous? Je m'appelle Jaqueline Roberts.	What is your name? (How are you called?) My name is Jacqueline Roberts.
Comment s'appelle l'ami de Louis. Il s'appelle Daniel. Comment s'appelle l'amie de Barbara? Elle s'appelle Denise.	What is the name of the Louis's friend (the friend of Louis)? His name is Daniel. What is the name of Barbara's friend (the friend of Barbara)? Her name is Denise.
Qui est-ce? C'est Daniel. Qui est-ce? C'est Jacqueline.	Who is it? It's Daniel. Who is it? It's Jacqueline.

Individual vocabulary items. (Note literal meanings in parentheses.)
Qui?	Who?
est	is
ce	it, this, that, they, these, those, he, she (a very talented little word)
Est-ce?	Is it? Is that? Is he? Is she? Etc.
C'est.	It is. (contraction of ce and est)
Est-ce que?	Is it that? (used in front of statements to form questions)
Comment?	How?
Vous vous appelez.	Your name is. (You call yourself.)
Comment vous appelez-vous?	What is your name? (How do you call yourself?)
Je m'appelle.	My name is. (I call myself.)
Comment s'appelle l'ami / l'amie de ...	What's the name of the friend of ... (How does the friend of ... call himself/herself?)
se	himself, herself, themselves
l'ami de ...	the friend (masc) of ...
Il s'appelle.	His name is. (He calls himself.)
l'amie de ...	the friend (fem) of ...
Elle s'appelle.	Her name is. (She calls herself.)

2. Identifying People: Qui est-ce?, C'est ... , Je m'appelle ..
This section is really just a review of what we encountered in the dialogues above. The expressions involving Who? are pretty straightforward. Note that ce can be translated either it, this, that, or he. The est means is, so the question Qui est-ce? is quite literally Who is it?, etc.. The c'est in the answer is the contraction of ce and est. The expression est-ce que (is it that) is frequently used in French to turn a statement into a question. Perhaps the most difficult expressions have to do with asking and giving names because the French use the question word How? (Comment?) and forms of the verb call (appelle, appelez). Below I will review these expressions giving the English, the French, and the literal meaning of the French.
Who is it? Who is that? Who is this?	Qui est-ce?	.
It's Denise. That's Denise. This is Denise.	C'est Denise.	.
It is Barbara? Is that Barbara?	Est-ce que c'est Barbara? Est-ce Barbara?	Is it that it is Barbara? Is it Barbara?
What is your name?	Comment vous appelez-vous?	How do you call yourself?
My name is Pierre.	Je m'appelle Pierre.	I call myself Pierre.
What is his name?	Comment s'appelle-t-il?	How does he call himself?
His name is Daniel.	Il s'appelle Daniel.	He calls himself Daniel.
What is her name?	Comment s'appelle-t-elle?	How does she call herself?
Her name is Denise.	Elle s'appelle Denise.	She calls herself Denise.

Exercise 2. Write out the questions and answers in French and send to me. If you have any questions about the meanings of the sentences, consult the Plan. Exercise 2 Answers

7. Rencontres *** For best results, study these dialogues while listening to the tape.
French dialogues and English meanings. By exam time, you will be expected to give me the French sentences when I give you the English equivalents. See the practice page at Rencontres.
Comment allez-vous? Très bien, merci. Et vous? Assez bien, merci.	How are you? (literally, How go you?) Very well, thanks. And you? Well enough, thanks.
Tu vas bien? Oui, et toi? Moi aussi.	You are fine? (Literally, You go fine?) Yes, and you? Me too.
Bonjour. Comment vas-tu? Bien, merci.	Hello. How are you? (Literally, How go you?) Fine thanks.
Bonjour. Comment ça va? Ça va bien, merci. Et toi? Pas mal, merci.	Hello. How's it going? (How goes it?) It's going fine, thanks. And you? Not bad, thanks.
Bonjour. Je m'appelle Raoul Durand. Enchanté.	Hello. My name is Raoul Durand. (I call myself ... ) Delighted.
Bonsoir. Tu vas bien? Comme ci, comme ça. Et toi? Je suis un peu fatigué(e).	Good evening. You are all right? (You go well?) So, so. And you? I am a little tired.
Au revoir.	Goodbye.

5. Gender and Articles
Just as we must have masculine and feminine adjective forms to go with masculine and feminine nouns, we must have masculine and feminine forms of the definite articles (the) and indefinite articles (a, an). Definite articles (the) Le is used with masculine singular nouns. La is used with singular feminine nouns. L' is used instead of le and la if the singular noun begins with a vowel or a mute h. (l'étudiant, l'étudiante) Indefinite articles (a, an) Un is used with masculine nouns. Une with feminine nouns. The indefinite article (un, une) will be used when we have general questions and answers. Is it a tiger? Yes, it's a tiger. --- Est-ce un tigre? Oui, c'est un tigre? The definite article is used when we get more specific. Is it the tiger that ate all the villagers? Yes, it's the tiger that ate them. -- Est-ce le tigre qui a mangé les habitants du village? Oui, c'est le tigre qui les a mangés. New vocab in this section. Note that most nouns ending in -e will be feminine. Most nouns not ending in -e will be masculine. Qu'est-ce que c'est? = What is it? (What is it that it is?) que (Qu')? = what? le lion, un lion = the lion, a lion le tigre, un tigre = the tiger, a tiger le jean, un jean = jeans, the pair of jeans (singular in French). a pair of jeans le pantalon, un pantalon = the pair of pants (pants is singular in French), a pair of pants gris, grise = gray de = of quel, quelle = what, which couleur = color l'homme, un homme = the man, a man le chapeau, un chapeau = the hat, a hat la moustache, une moustaceh = the mustache, a mustache la barbe, une barbe = the beard, a beard la cravate, une cravate = the tie, a tie la chemise, une chemise = the shirt, a shirt la cathédrale, une cathédral = the cathedral, a cathedral

Exercise 5. Les photos de Mme Martin. Complete the sentences with the correct form of a (an) or the. Then write the English equivalents of your sentences. Answers

6. Plural Nouns and Articles
We must also consider the articles used with plural nouns. The good news is that with the plurals we don't have to worry about gender. Les is the word for plural the. Remember that the singular forms of the are le, la, and l'. Des is the word for some (the plural of a, an). Remember that the words for a (an) are un and une. In English, some is frequently not stated. In French, it must be. Note the following examples: green shirts = des chemises vertes red ties = des cravates rouges Vocabulary items: une jupe = a skirt une chemise = a shirt un blouson = a windbreaker une robe = a dress une chaussure = a shoe une botte = a boot un pantalon = pants, a pair of pants un pull-over = a sweater un manteau = coat bon, bonne = good tout, toute, tous, toutes = all de tous les âges = of all ages de taille moyenne = of average size porte = wears, is wearing jaune = yellow marron = chestnut-colored, brown violet, violette = violet blanc, blanche = white rose = pink bleu, bleue = blue gris, grise = gray noir, noire = black vert, verte = green

Exercise 6a. Comment est votre université? (What is your university like?) Complete the sentences with the correct form of the. Then, of course, you need to give me the English version. Answers Exercise 6b. Test de mémoire. Complete the sentences with the French equivalents of a (an) or some. And don't forget the English sentences. Answers

Individual vocabulary items.
comment?	how?
vous	you
allez	go
très	very
bien	well, fine, all right, ok, etc.
merci	thanks
et	and
assez	enough, rather
tu	you
oui	yes
toi	you
moi	me
aussi	also, too
bonjour	hello, good day
vas	go
ça	that, it
Ça va.	It's all right. (It goes.)
pas	not
mal	bad
je	I
m'appelle	am called, am named (call myself)
Je m'appelle ...	My name is ... (I call myself .... )
enchanté	delighted
comme ci, comme ça	so, so
Je suis.	I am.
un peu	A little, A bit
Fatigué(e)	tired, fatigued
au revoir	goodbye

8. How you are and where you are going: The verb aller
As we saw in Rencontres above, the verb aller is used to indicate how people are, how they are doing, etc. As the verb être, the verb aller must be mastered. You should be able to recognize it and produce it with no hestitation.
Note the following French sentences that use the verb go (aller) and not the verb be (is, am, are) that we use in English.
I am fine. (I go well.) You (familiar) are fine. (You go well.) He is fine. (He goes well.) She is fine. (She goes well.) One (people in general) is fine. (One goes well.) We are fine. (We go well.) You (formal) are fine. (You go well.) They (masculine or mixed group) are fine. (They go well.) They (feminine) are fine. (They go well.)	Je vais bien. Tu vas bien. Il va bien. Elle va bien. On va bien. Nous allons bien. Vous allez bien. Ils vont bien. Elles vont bien.