Of course, we must pay attention to the review process. You will be expected to translate the questions and answers from the previous lessons into French.

Read the story line in the text and refer to the vocabulary as needed. On an exam, you should be able to give the English equivalent of anything found in the story line.

We will also have, of course, questions covering the leçon 11 story line. The Mise en oeuvre section concentrates on the major elements of the story, and you will be expected to be able to give the French equivalent of the story line questions and answers. Your exam materials will be taken from the following.

Il y a longtemps que vous êtes à Paris? = There is a long time that you are in Paris?
Ça fait lontemps que vous êtes à Paris? = That makes a long time that you are in Paris?
Vous êtes à Paris depuis longtemps? = You are in Paris since a long time?

All three of these expressions can be used to indicate the passage of time, the amount of time that something has been going on. To indicate that Robert has been in Paris for 24 hours, we can say

Il ya 24 heures que Robert est à Paris.
Ça fait 24 heures que Robert est à Paris.
Robert est à Paris depuis 24 heures.

However, only depuis can be used when the reference is to a specific point in time.

In this exercise use an il y a or ça fait construction to indicate that something has been going on for a particular period of time, and use a depuis construction to indicate that a particular point in time is involved. Note the meaning of the examples and follow this same pattern in completing the exercise.

1. Great aunt Amélie is a widow?
Yes, she has been a widow for fifty years. (That makes fifty years that she is a widow.)

2. Robert is in Paris?
Yes, he is in Paris since the 28th of May.

Your exercise page will include some literal English hints. The exam page will not include those hints.

This one is a little complicated. Try to figure out what's going on and complete the sentences. You might need to consult the English equivalents in order to figure it out.

We have already dealt with weather expressions, so most of these won't be new, or shouldn't be. :) But let's review.

Translate the weather expressions found in sections 15, 16, and 17.

Quel (what, which) and que (what) can be used to express either admiration or criticism.

Quel beau ciel! = What a beautiful sky!
Que le ciel est bleu. = How blue the sky is!

In this section we will concentrate on the forms of quels to express admiration for something.

Same type thing.

In response to the questions that follow, say that people are coming from the places indicated. Note that you will need to use some combination of de and le, la, l', or les.

1. D'où venez-vous, vous deux?
2. D'où viens-tu?
3. D'où vient Robert?
4. D'où venez-vous, Monsieur?
5. D'où vient Mireille?
6. D'où viennent ses soeurs?
7. D'où vient sa mère?
8. D'où est-ce que je viens?

The immediate past is something new and is going to require considerable attention. It is the construction that tells us that something has just happened, but the French is far from a literal translation of the English. It uses the verb venir + de + the infinitive of the main verb. Note the sentences in the examples box.

1. Mireille comes from the Institute. (word-for-word equivalent)

2. Mireille just left the Institute. (literally - M. comes from leaving the Institute.)

Wow! This will perhaps not be your favorite construction. And the others ...

3. Robert comes from the United States. (word-for-word equivalent)

4. He just arrived in Paris. (literally - He comes from arriving in Paris.)

In this exercise we are stating that everyone has just arrived. Note the meaning of the example.

1. Has Robert been in Paris for a long time? (That makes a long time that Robert is in Paris?)
No, he just arrived. (He comes from arriving.)

Respond to the questions conversationally following this pattern.

You learned earlier that le, le, l', and les are French equivalents of the English the when used in front of nouns. When used in front of verbs, however, they take on the following meanings:

Le = him, it.
La = her, it.
L' = him, her, it, depending on the gender of the person or object.
Les = them.

These are called direct object pronouns, and they replace the direct object of the sentence as is demonstrated in the examples boxes in this section. The examples will also become an exercise that you should make sure you can handle.

In the following exercise, you will answer each question, replacing all nouns with pronouns.

In the following exercise, write the French equivalent of the English expressions.

In this exercise, answer the questions in the negative. Replace all nouns with pronouns.